All the Peoples of the World Are Men: The Disputation between Bartolomé de Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda in 1550 on the Intellectual and Religious Capacity of the American Indians

Hanke, Lewis, All the Peoples of the World Are Men: The Disputation between Bartolomé de Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda in 1550 on the Intellectual and Religious Capacity of the American Indians, Minneapolis: The James Ford Bell Lectures, Number 8, 1970.

Reviewed in The Journal of Modern History © 1978.

The Valladolid debate (1550–1551) was the first moral debate in European history to discuss the rights and treatment of a colonized people by colonizers. Held in the Colegio de San Gregorio, in the Spanish city of Valladolid, it was a moral and theological debate about the colonization of the Americas, its justification for the conversion to Catholicism and more specifically about the relations between the European settlers and the natives of the New World. It consisted of a number of opposing views about the way natives were to be integrated into colonial life, their conversion to Christianity and their rights and obligations. A controversial theologian, Dominican friar and Bishop of Chiapas Bartolomé de las Casas, argued that the Amerindians were free men in the natural order despite their practice of human sacrifices and other such customs, deserving the same consideration as the colonizers.[1] Opposing this view were a number of scholars and priests including humanist scholar Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, who argued that the human sacrifice of innocents, cannibalism, and other such "crimes against nature" were unacceptable and should be suppressed by any means possible including war.[2]

Bernal Diaz del Castillo: The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico, 1517-1521

Ross, E. Denison & Eileen Power, Editors, Bernal Diaz del Castillo: The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico, 1517-1521, London: George Routledge & Sons, Ltd., 1928.

Previewed online HERE.

Versions available online HERE and HERE.

A review in Foreign Affairs.

Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492 to 1496, birth date is uncertain – 1584)[1] was a Spanish conquistador, who did not hold a leadership position in the conquest of Mexico, but participated as a soldier of fortune with Hernán Cortés. As an experienced soldier of fortune, he had already participated in expeditions to Tierra Firme, Cuba, and to Yucatán before joining Cortés. In his later years he was an encomendero and governor in Guatemala where he wrote his memoirs called "The True History of the Conquest of New Spain". He began his account of the conquest almost thirty years after the events and later revised and expanded it in response to the biography published by Cortes's chaplain Francisco López de Gómara, which he considered to be largely inaccurate in that it did not give due recognition to the efforts and sacrifices of others in the Spanish expedition.

About one of the Editors:

Eileen Edna LePoer Power (9 January 1889 – 8 August 1940) was a British economic historian and medievalist.
(…)
Power was Director of Studies in History at Girton College (1913–21), Lecturer in Political Science at the London School of Economics (1921–24), and Reader of the University of London (1924–31). In 1931 she became Professor of Economic History at the London School of Economics (LSE), where she remained until 1938 when she became Professor of Economic History at Cambridge University. Her most famous book, Medieval People, was published in 1924. In 1927 Power founded the Economic History Review.

Betancourt y Leoní en la Guayana Esequiba

Sureda Delgado, Rafael, Betancourt y Leoní en la Guayana Esequiba, Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1984.

De la “Declaración” del autor:

El presente trabajo tiene por finalidad, ampliar la investigación que iniciara a finales de 1966, año en que se firmó el Tratado denominado “Acuerdo de Ginebra”, mediante el cual Venezuela y Gran Bretaña establecían una serie de instancias para buscar la solución “practica” a la reclamación venezolana de los 159.500 km2 que conforman territorialmente nuestra Guayana Esequiba.

Historia de la Villa Imperial de Potosí

De Martínez Arzanz y Vela, Nicolás, Historia de la Villa Imperial de Potosí, Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores, S.A., 1943.

Extracto de una nota al calce en las páginas 5-6 de Hacia una historia crítica de la literatura en Bolivia:

La edición de Gustavo Adolfo Otero (1943) utiliza el nombre de Nicolás de Martínez Arzanz y Vela. Sin embargo, dos investigadores, Mario Chacón y Gunnar Mendoza, coinciden en que hasta que no se halle el certificado de bautismo u otro documento relevante, lo más razonable es usar el nombre que usamos aquí: Bartolomé Arzáns de Orsúa y Vela (Ver Mendoza y Hanke 1965: xxxiii-xxxiv).

Bartolomé Arzáns de Orsúa y Vela ( Villa Imperial de Potosí, Perú, 5 de noviembre de 1674 - 25 de enero de 1736), fue un cronista potosino autor de un monumental trabajo literario e historiográfico que, bajo el título de Historia de la Villa Imperial de Potosí, le convierte en uno de los cronistas más lúcidos y amenos de la literatura virreinal1 y considerado como fuente indispensable para los estudiosos del Alto Perú2 .
(…)
Alrededor de 1705 comenzó a escribir la Historia de la Villa Imperial de Potosí, obra que se vio interrumpida por su muerte y que fue continuada por su hijo, Diego, quien "agregó ocho capítulos más de inferior calidad y llenos de hechos esperpénticos".3 Recuperada a principios del siglo XX, la Universidad de Brown sacó en 1965 una edición en tres tomos.
(…)
El hijo de Arzáns, que guardaba los originales, se vio obligado a empeñarlos a un eclesiástico, que los conservó durante 20 años; "una copia del manuscrito llegó hasta la biblioteca del Rey de España y otra fue comprada en 1877 para ser publicada en Europa. Posiblemente sea esta copia la que adquirió en París en 1905 el ingeniero norteamericano coronel George E. Church, quien a su muerte la obsequió con todos sus papeles a la Brown University en Providence, Rhode Island, donde había nacido".3 Antes que los tres tomos fueran publicados por la universidad estadounidense, en Buenos Aires aparecieron en 1943 los 50 primeros capítulos de esta monumental obra.

El Indoamericanismo y el Problema Racial en las Américas

Lipschutz, Dr. Alejandro, El Indoamericanismo y el problema Racial en las Américas, Segunda Edición, Santiago: Editorial Nascimento, 1944. (frágil)

Reseñada en The Americas V. 4 # 2.

Reseñada en Nature 156.

Ver además El problema racial en la conquista de América.

Alejandro Lipschutz Friedman (Riga, Letonia, 1883 - Santiago, 10 de enero de 1980)1 fue un científico, médico, académico y filósofo chileno de origen judío-letón. Realizó estudios en el área de la Fisiología, la Endocrinología sexual y, como antropólogo, en el del indigenismo biológico y cultural de América. En 1969 fue el primero a quien se le otorgó el Premio Nacional de Ciencias de Chile.

Slavery as an Industrial System: Ethnological Researches

Nieboer, Herman Jeremias, Slavery as an Industrial System: Ethnological Researches, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1910.

Available online HERE, (1910), and HERE, (1900).

From SLAVERY AS A SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION IN TRIBAL SOCIETY, (1966):

It is now more than half a century since the publication, in 1900, of the comprehensive study on slavery by the ethnologist H. J. Nieboer.1 Rejecting the then current theories, according to which the institution of slavery arose, of necessity, at a given stage of social evolution, Nieboer attempted to explain the phenomenon in functional terms.2 In order to establish the factors determining the occurrence of slavery Nieboer based his research on data relating to 391 tribal societies listed in tables compiled by S. R. Steinmetz.3.

Batlle, Héroe Civil

Zavala Muñiz, Justino, Batlle, Héroe Civil, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1945.

José Pablo Torcuato Batlle Ordóñez (Montevideo, 21 de mayo de 1856 - 20 de octubre de 1929), fue un político y periodista de Uruguay. Presidente de la República por dos períodos: 1903 - 1907 y 1911 - 1915.
(…)
Llevó a cabo reformas económicas y sociales que permitieron a Uruguay transformarse en uno de los países más estables política y económicamente de América latina. Impulsó la constitución de 1917, cuya principal característica era la de establecer un ejecutivo colegiado. Debido a la derrota electoral de 1916 y luego de negociaciones con sus oponentes políticos, el proyecto original derivó en un Poder Ejecutivo bicéfalo, formado por la Presidencia de la República y el Consejo Nacional de Administración. Si bien fue presidente sólo durante 3 años, se lo considera la figura más gravitante e influyente en la política de su país desde su primera presidencia hasta su muerte, período que abarca más de 25 años.

A Brief Sketch of British Honduras

Anderson, A.H., A Brief Sketch of British Honduras, British Honduras, n.p., 1954.

About the author (pdf):

Hamilton was born on November 30, 1901, in Melbourne, Australia, to Scottish Presbyterian missionary parents. Though life led him through many lands, he was always a Scot and proud of it, and he often found that his heritage served him well in the tasks to which he dedicated himself. After a brief period in Australia, the Anderson family moved to a new post in Kenya, where much of Hamilton's early schooling was completed in Nairobi.
(…)
Hamilton went out to British Honduras in 1927 for a brief stay, or so he thought; after his father's death, his sojourn lengthened to 40 years, and British Honduras virtually became his home, though the ties with the British Isles were never severed.

What is Socialism?

Hart, Richard, What is Socialism?, Kingston: Socialist Party of Jamaica, December 1962.

Richard Hart (13 August 1917 – 21 December 2013) was a Jamaican historian, solicitor and politician. He was a founding member of the People's National Party (PNP) and one of the pioneers of Marxism in Jamaica.[1] He played an important role in Jamaican politics in the years leading up to Independence in 1958.[2][3][4][5] He subsequently was based in Guyana for two years, before relocating to London in 1965, working as a solicitor and co-founding the campaigning organisation Caribbean Labour Solidarity. He went on to serve as attorney-general in Grenada under the People's Revolutionary Government in 1983. He spent the latter years of his life in the UK, where he died in Bristol.

U.S. Intervention in Guyana

Jagan, Cheddi, U.S. Intervention in Guyana, {pamphlet}, n.p.; 196?.(very fragile)

This booklet is a collection of “Straight Talk” articles written for and published in the Mirror, a national daily newspaper, by Dr. Cheddi Jagan, the leader of the People’s Progressive Party. The articles have been brought together in this form in the hope that they will prove valuable not only to the broad masses within our national boundaries and beyond, but also to all other people everywhere who view with concern our internal struggle and the increasing political tensions and social contradictions largely due to foreign, particularly United States, interference in our domestic affairs.

Higher Education in Trinidad and Tobago: a Focus on Organizational Development and Change

Williams, Gwendoline & Claudia Harvey, Higher education in Trinidad and Tobago: a focus on organizational development and change, Caracas: CRESALC-UNESCO, 1985.

Available online (pdf).

Over the past thirty (30) years, Dr. Williams has worked at all levels of the education system in the Caribbean, her last position being that of Head of the Department of Management Studies and Deputy Dean in the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of the West Indies.

Universidad y Sociedad en América Latina: Un Esquema de Interpretación

Brunner, José Joaquín, Universidad y Sociedad en América Latina: Un Esquema de Interpretación, Caracas: CRESALC-UNESCO, 1985.

Segunda edición disponible en línea (pdf).

José Joaquín Brunner Ried (5 de diciembre de 1944) es un político, investigador y académico chileno. Fue militante del centroizquierdista Partido por la Democracia, y se desempeñó por casi cuatro años como ministro de Estado durante el Gobierno del presidente democratacristiano Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle.

República Dominicana y las Relaciones Internacionales

Latorre, Eduardo, Idelfonso Guemez, José Antonio Martínez, Roberto Saladín & María Elena Muñoz, República Dominicana y las Relaciones Internacionales, Santo Domingo: Taller, 1973.

Del Prefacio, escrito por Eduardo Latorre:

(Este libro) Nació de la inquietud de un grupo de jóvenes dominicanos, calificados en el área de relaciones internacionales y preocupados por la suerte de este pueblo.
(…)
El primer paso fue hacer un seminario. Este tenía como objetivo principiar a dar a conocer a nivel científico la seria problemática de las relaciones internacionales y como, de manera general, estas afectan la vida de nuestro país. También se pretendía explorar ligeramente las posibilidades de como la República Dominicana podría maximizar sus ventajas dentro de las limitaciones ofrecidas por las actuales estructuras internacionales.

Merchants and Planters

Pares, Richard, Merchants and Planters, Economic History Review, Supplement 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960.

Reviewed by The William and Mary Quarterly © 1960.

Reviewed by Renaissance News © 1961.

Reviewed by The Journal of Southern History © 1960.

Reviewed by The Journal of Modern History, Sep., 1961.

Richard Pares CBE (25 August 1902 – 3 May 1958) was a British historian. He "was considered to be among the outstanding British historians of his time."[1]
(…)
In 1927–28, he was appointed assistant lecturer in history at University College, London, before obtaining a Laura Spelman Rockefeller Scholarship to do research in the United States and in the West Indies on mid-eighteenth-century trade. On his return to England, he was appointed lecturer in history at New College, Oxford. In 1940, World War II interrupted his Oxford academic career and he became an administrative civil servant at the Board of Trade. On returning to his academic career in 1945 as professor of history at the University of Edinburgh, he was appointed Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in recognition of his wartime public service[citation needed]. He remained at Edinburgh until he resigned for reasons of health in 1954. In 1951, he was Ford's Lecturer in Oxford and he was joint editor of the English Historical Review from 1939 to 1958. He was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 1948.

Bibliografía de las Plantaciones

Thompson, E.T., Bibliografía de las plantaciones, Washington D.C.: Unión Panamericana, 1957.

Del Prefacio:

En el curso del presente año la Unión Panamericana, en colaboración con el Gobierno de Puerto Rico y el Programa de investigación y adiestramiento para el estudio del hombre en el trópico de la Universidad de Columbia, organizó un Seminario sobre las plantaciones del Nuevo Mundo.
(…)
Durante la preparación del Seminario tuvimos conocimiento de que el doctor Edgar T. Thompson, que ha dedicado largos años de su vida al estudio de las plantaciones, había reunido una extensa bibliografía sobre el tema, todavía inédita. Los organizadores del Seminario pensaron que podían prestar un breve servicio haciendo accesible este excelente instrumento de trabajo a los especialistas interesados en el estudio de las plantaciones.

Bim, Vol. 14, No. 55 (Journal)

Bim, Vol. 14, No. 55, July – December 1972.

Table of Contents:

Notebook.

The West Indian, by C.L.R. James.

The Fellow Travelers, by John Wickham.

O Hearing Wilson Harris Speak, by Berenth Lindfors.

Flying Fishing, by Elwyn Parry-Jones.

West Indian Poetry: Some Problems of Assessment – Part Two, by F.G. Rohlehr.

Gran Nan, by Cynthia Wilson.

Caribbean Collage – James Berry, Faustin Charles, Frank Collymore, John Figueroa, Denis Foster, A. L. Hendriks, Robert Lee, Ian McDonald, Mervyn Morris, Bruce St. John, John Wickham.

Things in the Silence, by Harold Marshall

Notes and Additions to the Barbadian Glossary, by Frank Collymore.

Bay Brown Window, by Ron Welburn

Esmeralda, by Timothy Callender.

Towards an Eastern Caribbean Federation.

Think If You Can Of Beauty, by John McClellan.

Look Homeward Bajan, by Clare MacCulloch.

Book Reviews.

Gambage / by Earl Augustus & others

Augustus, Earle, Gambage / by Earl Augustus & others, Trinidad & Tobago: University of West Indies, 1966.

From the Foreword:

Every type of society is in a constant state of change…
One consequence of this change is the rapid disappearance of many of our legacies. One of these legacies is the stories of bygone days. A team of young men led by Mr. Earl Augustus is attempting to record and preserve what is left of these tales. This volume is the first of the series of five to be compiled by the team and published by the U.W.I. Extra-Mural Department. I wish to recommend the book especially for children but hope that adults will also find the stories interesting.

E.D. Ramesar
Resident Tutor.

Table of Contents:

How Nancy Fooled Lion.

Rat, Rabbit and Cat.

Courage! Compere Goat.

Why Nancy Lives in a Roof.

Keys to Understanding.

Game.

Questions.

Solutions to Puzzles and Notes (…) Nancy: Represented by the Spider, reputed to be the most crafty figure in the New World…

The Guardian of Boston: William Monroe Trotter

Fox, Stephen R., The Guardian of Boston: William Monroe Trotter, New York: Atheneum, 1971.

Reviewed in The New England Quarterly © 1970.

William Monroe Trotter (sometimes just Monroe Trotter, April 7, 1872 – April 7, 1934) was a newspaper editor and real estate businessman based in Boston, Massachusetts, and an activist for African-American civil rights. He was an early opponent of the accommodationist race policies of Booker T. Washington, and in 1901 founded the Boston Guardian, an independent African-American newspaper, as a vehicle to express that opposition. Active in protest movements for civil rights throughout the 1900s and 1910s, he also revealed some of the differences within the African-American community. He contributed to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Wilson Harris: A Philosophical Approach

James, C. L. R., Wilson Harris: A Philosophical Approach, Trinidad & Tobago: University of West Indies, 19??.

Sir Theodore Wilson Harris (born 24 March 1921) is a Guyanese writer. He initially wrote poetry, but has since become a well-known novelist and essayist. His writing style is often said to be abstract and densely metaphorical, and his subject matter wide-ranging. Harris is considered one of the most original and innovative voices in postwar literature in English.
(…)
Literary critics have stated that although reading Harris's work is challenging, it is rewarding in many ways. Harris has been admired for his exploration of the themes of conquest and colonization as well as the struggles of colonized peoples. Readers have commented that his novels are an attempt to express truths about the way people experience reality through the lens of the imagination. Harris has been faulted for his novels that have often nonlinear plot lines, and for his preference of internal perceptions over external realities.

The British West Indies: The Search for Self-Government

Ayearst, Morley, The British West Indies: the search for self-government, London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., 1960.

Available online.

Reviewed in The Journal of Politics © 1961.

Social Research, Vol. 36, No. 4 (Journal)

Social Research, Vol. 36, No. 4, Winter, 1969.

Social Research has its origins in the New School's historic effort to provide intellectuals safe haven as the Nazis began to threaten Jewish scholars prior to the onset of WWII. This group of rescued scholars, known as the University in Exile, launched Social Research: An International Quarterly of the Political and Social Sciences in 1934 on the core conviction that every true university must have its own distinct public voice.

Table of Contents:

De Homine Abscondito, by Helmuth Plessner.

Human Nature and Modern Society, by Paul Leyhausen.

Biological Glimpses of Some Aspects of Human Sociology, by H. Hediger.

Assortment and Selection, by Ilse Schwidetzky.

Darwinian Sociology Without Social Darwinism, by Alexander Alland, Jr.

Philosophers and Intellectuals: The Question of Academic Freedom.

White Versus Colored in Britain: An Explosive Confrontation?, by Daniel C. Kramer.

The International Scene – Current Trends in the Social Sciences: Metabletics of Loneliness: An Account of J.H. van den Berg’s Life in Multiplicity, by M. Jacobs.

Book Reviews:
…
Ivar Oxall, Black Intellectuals Come to Power: The Rise of Creole Nationalism in Trinidad & Tobago, reviewed by Thomas G. Mathews.
(…)

Sonderausstellung Karl V

Kunsthistorisches Museum, Sonderausstellung Karl V, Wien: Kunsthistorisches Museum, 1958.

Aus dem Vorwort:

Einen Anlaß dieser Art bot der vierhundertste Todestag Kaiser Karls V., den die Wiener Universität heuer durch eine Gedenkwoche begeht, bei der auch spanische Historiker das Wort ergreifen werden. Ungeachtet der auf den ersten Blick nicht allzu dichten Beziehungen Karl V. zu Österreich, das von ihm schon 1521/22 seinem Bruder Ferdinand I. überlassen wurde, erwies sich, daß der Reichtum des Wiener Museal- und Archivgutes eine würdige und international konkurrenz- fahige Illustration der geschichtlichen Gestalt des Kaisers und seines Zeitalters ermöglichte.

Rough translation:

The four hundredth anniversary of the death of Emperor Charles V, which the Viennese University is celebrating this year, was the occasion of a memorial week, in which Spanish historians will also speak. Notwithstanding the not very close relations between Charles V and Austria, which he had already given to his brother Ferdinand I in 1521/22, the wealth of the Viennese museological and archival material proved worthy and internationally competitive Illustration of the historical form of the Emperor and his age.

Charles V.

Social Mobility, Leadership and Political Change in Jamaica (Separata)

Bell, Wendell, Social Mobility, Leadership and Political Change in Jamaica, Separata from University of California Committee on Political Change, Grant No. 2288 – Penrose Fund, Los Angeles, California, 1963(?).

Excerpt:

This project was a study, extending from 1956 to 1963 of the transition of the Caribbean island of Jamaica from a British colony to an independent nation-state, a political status which Jamaica achieved on August 6, 1962. Although most of the data were the results of a mail questionnaire survey conducted in Jamaica in the spring and summer of 1958, the general conclusions reached were based, additionally, on discussions and interviews with leaders and others in Jamaica at various times during 1956, 1960, 1961, and 1962. The purposes of the study were (1) to explore and discover the causes of nationalism, i.e., to determine those factors which produce nationalist attitudes, that underlie a person’s desire and drive for political independence, and those which in others result conversely in preferences for colonial status and opposition to national movement; (2) to describe the changing social composition and power of different types of elite groups during the transition to nationhood; and (3) to analyze attitudes of Jamaica elites toward the big decisions of nationhood, i.e., toward those actions most significant in shaping the future character of the Jamaican polity, economy, and society.

Attitudes toward Democracy among Leaders in Four Emergent Nations (Separata)

Moskos, Charles, & Wendell Bell, Attitudes toward Democracy among Leaders in Four Emergent Nations, Separata from The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. XV, No. 4, Dec., 1964.

Available online.

Cultural Unity and Diversity in New States (Separata)

Moskos, Charles, & Wendell Bell, Cultural Unity and Diversity in New States, Separata from Teachers College Record, vol. 66, no. 8, May, 1965.

Human diversity is a source of human problems. Like most treasures, the great advantages of individual and cultural differences are not had without cost and control. Nowhere is this poignant aspect of the human condition more apparent than in the newly emerging nations, where education is relied upon as a primary tool for achievement of cultural unity. This analysis of the difficulties posed by cultural pluralism was prepared by Dr. Moskos and Dr. Bell during a year at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, California, and under a grant by the Carnegie Corporation to the Political Change Committee of the University of California, Los Angeles.

Equality and Attitudes of Elites in Jamaica (Separata)

Bell, Wendell, Equality and Attitudes of Elites in Jamaica, Separata from Social and Economic Studies, vol. 11, no. 4, December, 1962.

Wendell Bell is Professor Emeritus of Sociology and a Fellow of the Koerner Center, Yale University. He joined the Yale faculty in 1963, served as Chair of the Department of Sociology, helped to found the Yale Program (now Department) of African American Studies, directed the Yale Comparative Sociology Training Program, which required students to do research abroad, and was a Senior Research Scientist in the Yale Center for Comparative Research (2000-05). Before that, he was on the faculties of Stanford University where he directed the Stanford Survey Research Facility (1952-54), Northwestern University (1954-57), and UCLA, where he headed the West Indies Study Program (1957-63). He was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA (1963-64). During World War II, he was a naval aviator and did a tour of duty in the Philippines. His fields of interest are futures studies and social change, human values and global ethics, altruism, social stratification, ethnicity and nationalism (Caribbean, Western Europe, and comparatively worldwide).