Sunday, November 27, 2011

Os Sertões

da Cunha, Euclides, Os Sertões, Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Francisco Alves, P. de Azevedo & c., 1940. [in extremely fragile conditions]

English version.

Os Sertões (translated as Rebellion in the Backlands) (1902) is a book written by the Brazilian author Euclides da Cunha, widely considered one of the greatest achievements of Brazilian and even World literature. Mixing science and literature, the author narrates the story of a war that happened in the end of the 19th century, in Canudos, a settlement of Bahia's Sertão ("backland"), an extremely arid region where, even now, struggles against poverty, drought and political corruption continue. During the war (1893–1897) against the republican army, the sertanejos (inhabitants of the backlands) were commanded by a messianic leader called Antonio Conselheiro.


Euclides da Cunha (January 20, 1866 – August 15, 1909) was a Brazilian writer, sociologist and engineer. His most important work is Os Sertões (Rebellion in the Backlands), a non-fictional account of the military expeditions promoted by the Brazilian government against the rebellious village of Canudos, known as the War of Canudos. This book was a favorite of Robert Lowell, who put it above Tolstoy, the Russian writer. Jorge Luis Borges also commented on it in his short story "Three Versions of Judas".

West Indian Nations: A New History

Sherlock, (Sir) Philip Manderson, West Indian Nations: A New History, Kingston: Jamaica Publishing House Ltd., 1973.

From the Introduction:
In many respects this book is a companion to The Short History of the West Indies in which the aim was the study of the West Indies in its own right. The emphasis here is also on 'the accumulated experience of the people of the West Indies' but with this difference, that attention is directed especially to the experience of the black and brown people who comprise the large majority of the West Indian people; and an attempt is made also to indicate the importance of that inner world of the folk, the 'inscape' in Edward Brathwaite's phrase, which we have for so long either disregarded or disowned.

Documentos Sobre la Fundación de la Casa de Moneda en Santa Fe de Bogotá (1614-1635)

Friede, Juan, Documentos sobre la fundación de la Casa de Moneda en Santa Fe de Bogotá (1614-1635), Bogotá: Banco de la República, 1963.

La Economía Colonial:
Para 1620, Felipe II de España ordena la creación de una Casa Real de Moneda en Santa Fe de Bogotá, para calmar la suplica por la estabilización del orden monetario. Específicamente el encargo era este: "Casa de la Moneda en Santafé donde se han de labrar escudos de oro sencillos y de dos; reales de plata de a ocho y de a cuatro y de a dos, sencillos y medios, cuartillos de vellón rico, ligados a cuatro marcos de cobre [y] uno de plata".


Indice

Saturday, November 26, 2011

Peter v. Scholten

H. Lawaetz, Peter v. Scholten Vestindiske tidsbilleder fra den sidste Generalguvernørs dage, København: Gyldendalske Boghandel Nordisk Forlag, 1940.

Wikipedia:
Peter Carl Frederik von Scholten (May 17, 1784 – January 26, 1854) was Governor-General of the Danish West Indies from 1827 to 1848. He was born in Vestervig, Thy, Denmark as the son of captain Casimir von Scholten and Catharina Elisabeth de Moldrup.[1]
(...)
In 1827, he became acting governor general of St. Thomas. From 1835 to 1848, he became governor general for all three islands, Saint Thomas, Saint Croix, and Saint John, giving him virtually absolute command of the islands. In this period he showed himself a patriarchal ruler trying to lighten the burden of the slaves and to cushion the racial tensions. He did this by creating schools for them, as well as permitting them private ownership.[2]


Google Translate
H. Lawaetz , Hermann Carl John Lawaetz , 13.3.1864-15.4.1949, pastor, mission historian. Born in Kalundborg barn, dead at Fuglsang, buried Ordrup KGD. L. graduated 1882 from Borgerdydskole in Christianshavn and 1888 cand.teol. 1889 he became pastor of Christiansted on St. Croix, and quickly showed himself to be highly interested in all aspects of the West Indies. 1893 he established a secondary school in St. Croix, and 1893-1902, he was elected member of the royal island kolonialråd. He was a determined opponent of the West Indian islands, sale and published 1900-01 magazine The Danish West Indian in which he fought the trends in this direction.

Virgin Islands picture book

Jarvis, José Antonio, & Rufus Martin, Virgin Islands picture book, Philadelphia: Dorrance & Co., 1948.

Foreword:
The Virgin Islands, illustrated in this picture book, comprising St. Thomas, with its picturesque harbor, its mountain drives with myriad of beautiful views, its unexcelled yachting and fishing facilities around the fifty or more smaller islands, inlets and cays, its beautiful Magens Bay, with a mile of white sand bathing beach;St. Croix with its old sugar mills, its long fields of sugar cane its rolling terrain, its ancient castles and estates, its 84 miles of good roads; St. John with its numerous natural white sand beaches, its beautiful Caneel Bay plantation resort, its trails of wooded quiet and restfulness; and the entire Virgin Islands with their semi-tropical climate ranging between 70 and 90 degrees all year around, present a beauty, charm and enchantment which visitors find most alluring.


THE CENTENNIAL REBIRTH OF J. ANTONIO JARVIS:
Jarvis, a giant in Virgin Islands literature, was born Nov. 22, 1902, according to his son and some published sources, although other documentation, including the Library of Congress, has the year as 1901. He moved in many circles overlapping education and literature: journalism, poetry, drama, history, the visual arts, music, philosophy. And his thinking and writing were immersed in civic, political and social opinions.

Historia Diplomática de Santo Domingo

Pérez, Carlos Federico, Historia Diplomática de Santo Domingo (1492-1861), Sto. Domingo: UNPHU, 1973.

Extracto de la carpeta del libro:
Este volumen de Historia Diplomática de Santo Domingo (1492 – 1861) es el primero de la colección Textos Universitarios programada por la Comisión Editorial de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña (UNPHU) y constituye además el cuarto volumen de las publicaciones de nuestra Casa de Estudios. Su autor fue de los fundadores de la UNPHU, dirige la Escuela de Servicios Internacionales, perteneciente a la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas, y tiene a su cargo cátedras en las áreas de Historia, Relaciones Internacionales, Ideas Políticas y Literatura. El Profesor Carlos Federico Pérez recibió en 1946 el doctorado en Filosofía y Letras, en la Universidad de Santo Domingo, y ha desempeñado, desde 1948, cátedras en las materias de su especialidad, primero en la Universidad de Santo Domingo y desde 1966 en la UNPHU. Ha publicado varios libros y numerosos ensayos y artículos. Ingresó en 1939 al servicio de la Secretaria de Estado de Relaciones Exteriores y fue Subsecretario de esa cartera (1950 – 53); Embajador en la Argentina (1953 - 56); Embajador en el Japón (1964 – 65) y Canciller de la Republica, 1966.

La Comunidad Mulata: el caso socio-político de la República Dominicana

Pérez Cabral, Pedro Andrés, La comunidad mulata: el caso socio-político de la República Dominicana, Caracas: Pedro Andrés Pérez Cabral, 1967.

PDF Version.

Pedro Andrés Pérez Cabral:
Narrador, abogado, político, periodista, educador. Pedro Andrés Pérez Cabral (Corpito) nació en San Pedro de Macorís en 1910 y murió en Venezuela el 9 de mayo de 1981. En 1945 se graduó de Doctor en Ciencias Políticas y Derecho. En su condición de opositor al régimen de Trujillo, vivió muchos años en el exilio. Decapitada la dictadura, retornó a su país natal, donde fundó, junto al profesor Dato Pagán Perdomo, el Partido Nacionalista Revolucionario, en 1961. Volvió al exilio en 1963, algunos meses antes del golpe de Estado. Permaneció en Venezuela hasta su muerte. Su novela Jengibre, publicada en Caracas, aborda la situación de los trabajadores dominicanos hace medio siglo, y propone una severa crítica a la explotación proletaria y la dominación imperialista en la industria azucarera.


Pedro L. San Miguel, Visiones del mestizaje en las antillas hispanoparlantes: Pedro Pérez Cabral y su “comunidad mulata”*:
Mucho menos conocida y comentada que la obra de Pedreira es la de Pedro A. Pérez Cabral titulada La comunidad mulata: el caso socio-político de la República Dominicana,5 aparecida más de tres décadas después de haberse publicado Insularismo; pese a esto, entre ellas existen importantes vasos comunicantes en lo que respecta al mestizaje en las Antillas. En ambas obras, para decirlo de manera concisa, se realiza una interpretación racialista según la cual la existencia de la población mestiza se concibe como un lastre a los procesos de formación nacional en la República Dominicana y Puerto Rico, respectivamente.6
* Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación, Año LXIX, Vol. XXXII, Núm. 118.

José Figueres Ferrer, el hombre y su obra

Castro Esquivel, Arturo, José Figueres Ferrer, el hombre y su obra: ensayo de una biografía, San José: Imprenta Tormo, 1955.

Espíritu del 48.

José María Hipólito Figueres Ferrer (25 September 1906 – 8 June 1990), served as President of Costa Rica on three occasions: 1948–1949, 1953–1958, and 1970–1974. During his first term in office, he abolished the country's army, nationalized its banking sector, and granted women and blacks the right to vote.

Apuntes para una Sociología Costarricense

Rodríguez Vega, Eugenio, Apuntes para una sociología costarricense, San Jose, Costa Rica: Editorial Universitaria, 1953.

Costa Rica Information (Literature):
Eugenio Rodriguez Vega: (1925 - 2008) from San Ramon. Mainly historian and political sociologist. Director of the magazine Surco. He has won the Premio Nacional de Cultura Magón from the Costa Rican government in 2005. Some of his most important works include: Apuntes para la Sociología Costarricense (1953), Los Días de Don Ricardo (1971), Biografía de Costa Rica (1980), De Calderon a Figueres (1980) , Siete Ensayos Políticos (1982), Una Historia Mínima de Costa Rica, Historia de Costa Rica después de 1948, Por el Camino (1990), Libro de Memorias, Voces del 43, Cinco Educadores en la Historia (2001), and Cien Momentos.


El autor:
Nació en San Ramón en 1925. Fue estudiante del Liceo de Costa Rica donde obtuvo el bachillerato en 1943. Abogado de la Universidad de Costa Rica, se destacó como miembro del Centro para el Estudio de los Problemas Nacionales. Fue cofundador del partido Social Demócrata, Director de la Revista Surco y de otras publicaciones culturales y políticas.
(...)
Profesor en la Facultad de Estudios Generales de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1959-1969.


Artículo en La Nación, domingo 19 de setiembre, 1954.

Sunday, November 20, 2011

Slaves, Free Men, Citizens West Indian Perspectives

Comitas, Lambros & David Lowenthal, Slaves, Free Men, Citizens West Indian Perspectives, Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1973.

From the Editor's Note:
The West Indies, the earliest and one of the most important prizes of Europe's New World and the first to experience the full impact of the black diaspora from Africa, were also the most enduringly colonized territories in the history of the Western Hemisphere. Here more than anywhere else masters and slaves constituted the basic ingredients of the social order; here more than anywhere else class and status were based on distinction of color and race. Yet out of that past, here more than anywhere else societies with black majorities have emerged as self governing, multiracial states.


Contents:
I. SLAVES, MASTERS, AND FREEDMEN
1. C. L. R. James "The Slaves" (1938)
2. Orlando Patterson "The Socialization and Personality Structure of the Slave" (1967)
3. John G. Stedman "A Planter's Day" (1806)
4. Mederic-Louis-Elie Moreau de Saint-Mery "Whites in a Slave Society" (1797)
5. Edward Long "Freed Blacks and Mulattos" (1754)
6. C.L.R. James "The Free Colored in a Slave Society" (1938)
7. Douglas Hall "Absentee-Proprietorship in the British West Indies, to about 1850" (1964)
8. William G. Sewell "The Ordeal of Free Labor in the British West Indies" (1861)
9. James Anthony Froude "The Perils of Black Supremacy" (1888)
10. J. J. Thomas "Froudacity Refuted" (1889)

II THE NATURE OF THE SOCIAL ORDER
11. M. G. Smith "The Plural Framework of Jamaican Society" (1961)
12. David Lowenthal "The Range and Variation of Caribbean Societies" (1960)
13. Lloyd Braithwaite "Stratification in Trinidad" (1953)
14. Edith Kovats-Beaudoux "A Dominant Minority: The White Creoles of Martinique" (1969)
15. Daniel J. Crowley "Cultural Assimilation in a Multiracial Society" (1960)
16. Morton Klass "East and West Indian: Cultural Complexity in Trinidad" (1960)
17. Leo A. Despres "Cultural Pluralism and Nationalist Politics in British Guiana" (1956)


PDF copy

The Aftermath of Sovereignty West Indian Perspectives

Lowenthal, David & Lambros Comitas, The Aftermath of Sovereignty West Indian Perspectives, Garden City NY: Anchor Press, 1973.

Contents:
I FREEDOM AND POWER:
1. Eric Williams "Massa Day Done" (1961)
2. Jesse Harris Proctor, Jr. "British West Indian Society and Government in Transition 1920-60" (1962)
3. Morley Ayearst "A Note on Some Characteristics of West Indian Political Parties" (1954)
4. Kenneth John "St. Vincent: A Political Ka1eidoscope" (1966)
5. B. A. N. Collins "Some Notes on Public Service Commissions in the Commonwealth Caribbean" (1967)
6. Gordon K. Lewis "The Trinidad and Tobago General Election of 1961" (1962)
7. W. A. Domingo "British West Indian Federation - A Critique" (1956)
8. Hugh W. Springer "Federation in the Caribbean: An Attempt That Failed" (1962)
9. W. Arthur Lewis "The Agony of the Eight" (1965)
10. S. S. Ramphal "West Indian Nationhood - Myth, Mirage or Mandate?" (1971)

II. ON BEING A WEST INDIAN
11. Frantz Fanon "West Indians and Africans" (1955)
12. Kerwyn L. Morris "On Afro-West Indian Thinking" (1966)
13. K. V. Parmasad "By the light of a Deya" (1971)
14. W. Arthur Lewis "On Being Different" (1971)
15. Lloyd Best "The February Revolution" (1970)
16. Desmond Allum "Legality vs. Morality: A Plea for Lt. Raffique Shah" (1971)
17. Clive Y. Thomas "Meaningful Participation: The Fraud of It" (1971)
18. V. S. Naipaul "Power to the Caribbean People" (1970)
19. C. L. R. James "The Mighty Sparrow" (1962)


PDF copy

The Tugwell Administration in Puerto Rico, 1941-1946.

Lugo-Silva, Enrique, The Tugwell administration in Puerto Rico, 1941-1946. Puerto Rico: Enrique Lugo-Silva, 1955.(3 copies)

Cited in Caribbean Studies © 1962.

From the introduction:
The Tugwell administration in Puerto Rico was prepared during the year 1947 - 1948. It was submitted as a dissertation to the Graduate School of the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. A summary of the dissertation was published in the Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations for 1949, The Ohio State University Press. However, the work has been completely revised and many additions have been made. The contents of this work is based largely upon an extensive study of the Annual Reports of Governor Rexford G. Tugwell to the President of the United States, the public papers of Governor Tugwell, various government reports (both Federal and Insular), miscellaneous materials, and periodicals and newspapers.

Garvey and Garveyism

Garvey, Amy Jacques, Garvey and Garveyism, Mona Rd., Kingston: A. Jacques Garvey, 1963. [Dedicated to Dr. Mathews in the author's writing, and dated 1964.]

See Amy Jacques Garvey Feminist Black Nationalist.

Amy Jacques Garvey (December 31, 1895 July 25, 1973), Poet, activist, leader, feminist, civil rights leader. Those are just a sample of titles Amy Jacques Garvey earned though out her life. Everything she got in her life she earned herself. She was a self-made woman. Despite her famous husband she continued his legacy but she is noteworthy in her own right. The second wife of Marcus Garvey: she is the Co-Founder and First President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (U.N.I.A). She is credited for saving Marcus Garvey's philosophy from ruin by telling youth about it for years after his death. She published 3 books.

Chaos in Mexico: The Conflict of Church and State

MacFarland, Charles, Chaos in Mexico: the conflict of church and state, New York: Harper & Bros., 1935.

Reviewed in The Journal of Religion, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Apr., 1936).

Reviewed in The Catholic Historical Review © 1936.

Cited in Journal of Inter-American Studies © 1967.

Reviewed by By William L. Langer in Foreign Affairs, October 1935

Evolución Política del Pueblo Mexicano

Sierra, Justo, Evolución política del pueblo mexicano, México, DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1950.

De la introducción por Alfonso Reyes:
Todos los mexicanos veneran y aman la memoria de Justo Sierra. Su lugar está entre los creadores de la tradición hispanoamericana: Bello, Sarmiento, Montalvo, Hostos, Martí, Rodó. En ellos pensar y escribir fue una forma del bien social, y la belleza una manera de educación para el pueblo. Claros varones de acción y de pensamiento a quienes conviene el elogio de Menéndez y Pelayo: «comparables en algún modo con aquellos patriarcas... que el mito clásico nos presenta a la vez filósofos y poetas, atrayendo a los hombres con el halago de la armonía para reducirlos a cultura y vida social, al mismo tiempo que levantaban los muros de las ciudades y escribían en tablas imperecederas los sagrados preceptos de la ley». Tales son los clásicos de América, vates y pastores de gentes, apóstoles y educadores a un tiempo, desbravadores de la selva y padres del Alfabeto.


Libro disponible en PDF aquí, y aquí.

Saturday, November 19, 2011

The unfinished experiment: democracy in the Dominican Republic

Bosch, Juan, The Unfinished Experiment: Democracy in the Dominican Republic, New York: Praeger, 1965.

From the Publisher's note:
Writing this book from his exile in Puerto Rico, Juan Bosch observed that the clock of Dominican history, stopped during the Trujillo regime, began to move at double speed once the dictator was dead. After more than thirty years under one government, the Dominican Republic has seen more than a half dozen regimes come and go in the past four years. The only one of these to come to power through a popular election was Dr. Bosch's, inaugurated in February, 1963. With the victory of Dr. Bosch and his party - the PRD - the Dominican Republic was hailed as a "showcase of democracy," as proof that the disease of dictatorship was not chronic and that a healthy democracy could be established within the body politic. But seven months after he took office, Dr. Bosch was sent into exile, the victim of a military coup.

Reviewed in The Hispanic American Historical Review © 1966.

Trujillo: The Life and Times of a Caribbean Dictator

Crassweller, Robert D., Trujillo: The Life and Times of a Caribbean Dictator, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1966.

Reviewed in The Review of Politics / Volume 30 / Issue 03, pp 394 - 396.
Reviewed in The American Historical Review © 1967.
Cited by Manuel Ortega in Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs © 1971.

Excerpt from the Preface:
The reader, who is only superficially familiar with Caribbean affairs may find the materials of this volume strange. The extent to which violence, both open and covert, is a constant factor in the life of the region may cause surprise. The incongruous and rather unreal quality of many events, whether fanciful or farcical in appearance, may also prove unexpected. If the reader is inclined to doubt the authenticity of certain events, viewing them as too implausible o be true, he may be assured that many things even more strange, which are possibly and even probably true, have been omitted because their accuracy could not be satisfactorily established. Nothing is included here that does not come from sources considered sound. Nothing is included that has not been subjected to every possible verification.


Excerpt from author's Obituary:
As a young attorney, Mr. Crassweller engaged in the private practice of law in Duluth and then moved to Washington, D.C. in 1943 to work for the State Department's Division of World Trade Intelligence. Following the war, he returned to Duluth to resume the private practice of law. From 1951 to 1953, he participated in a mining venture in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. In 1954, he became counsel for Pam American World Airways in New York City; he remained at Pan Am until 1966. From 1967 to 1969 he served as a Visiting Fellow on the Council of Foreign Relations in New York City, and he testified as an expert witness before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, United States House of Representatives, in Washington D.C. In 1970-1971, he was a Visiting Professor at both Sarah Lawrence College and Brooklyn College. During the latter part of his career, he worked for International Telephone and Telegraph, where he rose to become General Counsel for ITT Latin America. Over a 16 year period, Mr. Crassweller reviewed some 700 books for Foreign Affairs, the magazine of the Council on Foreign Relations; he was also a reviewer for the New York Times book section. As a noted scholarly author and expert on Latin America, he wrote three books...

Rape of the American Virgins

O'Neill, Edward A., Rape of the American Virgins, New York: Praeger, 1972.

From the inner flap of the book cover:
This book's title tells its story: what skyrocketing tourism, reckless and untrammeled growth, myopic money-making and feckless government have done to the US Virgin Islands, self proclaimed "American Paradise." Twenty years ago, the Virgins were a pocket of poverty with tropical charm. Today, they are enjoying an extraordinary economic boom fueled by the dollars of a million visitors a year. The charm is fast disappearing. Poverty lingers for some, while the politicians and smart money boys - Virgin Islanders and statesiders alike - pocket extraordinary profits.


From the back cover of the book:
Edward A. O'Neill is a former newspaperman and Foreign Service Officer who has worked in Louisville, Kentucky; New Delhi, India; and Washington D.C. Since 1968, he has been a free-lance writer, editor, and political consultant. Several months spent in the Virgin Islands in 1970, working for the Independent Citizens Movement during the first campaign for an elected governor, persuaded him to write this book.

Refugee Settlement in the Dominican Republic

Brookings Institution, Refugee Settlement in the Dominican Republic: a survey conducted under the auspices of the Brooking Institution, Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1942.

From Chapter XIX:
To accomplish its purpose the enterprise of refugee colonization must essentially be adapted to environmental conditions in the area of operation. Preceding chapters have dealt with the general nature of problems confronting mass resettlement of the distressed and impoverished refugees of Europe. The major elements of Dominican economy have been described in some detail, as well as the climate, demography, land resources, soils, crops, and the agricultural and industrial potentialities.


From the General Conclusion:
It was stated in the Foreword that the principal questions with which the survey had to deal were: 1) Is the Dominican Republic a suitable place for refugee settlement? 2) How many refugee immigrants make a living there? 3) How many settlers can the Republic absorb? 4) What will be the effect of the settlement project on the Dominican community? 5) What part will the project play in the solution of the refugee problem as a whole?

Migraciones y Relaciones Internacionales (el Caso Haitiano-Dominicano)

Castor, Susy, Migraciones y relaciones internacionales (el caso haitiano-dominicano), México: CELA/UNAM, 1983.

Indice:
Capítulo I: Genocidio y juego diplomático.
- Capítulo II: Hacia un esfuerzo interpretativo.
- Capítulo III: Las relaciones haitiano-dominicanas.
- Conclusión.
- Testimonio: Los picadores haitianos en los bateyes de Barahona


Suzy Castor es una de las intelectuales más importantes de Haití y el Caribe y su compromiso con la defensa de los derechos humanos, incluidos los refugiados y los inmigrantes, es ejemplar. Diplomada en Ciencias Sociales por la Escuela Normal Superior de Haití en 1958 y doctora en Historia por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , es una de las personas que ha escrito con más lucidez sobre el pasado y el presente de su país y del Caribe. (...) Ha publicado seis libros, entre ellos La intervención norteamericana en Haití y sus consecuencias (Siglo XXI. México, 1978) o Migración y relaciones internacionales. El caso haitiano-dominicano (UNAM y UASD. Santo Domingo, 1987), ha coordinado otros tres y ha participado en siete obras colectivas sobre historia de Haití, el Caribe y América Latina. Ha publicado más de 50 artículos en revistas científicas, ha dictado cursos en universidades de varios países y ha participado en seminarios en América y Europa.

Sunday, November 13, 2011

Jamaica: The Search for an Identity

Norris, Katrin, Jamaica: The Search for an Identity, London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

From the back cover:
Jamaica is often acclaimed as the model for colonies advancing toward independence; she has achieved racial equality, rapid economic development, universal suffrage, and a stable two party parliamentary democracy - all without bloodshed or revolution. Can such a painless transition from colonialism to independence build a self-reliant, dynamic society? In Jamaica: The Search for an Identity, Katrin Norris asserts that it can, but only if a social revolution shares the island's wealth more equitably, and if a cultural revolution dilutes the dominating image of Britain and gives the people of all races a will to look for inspiration within themselves.


Reviewed in Race & Class , Volume 4 (2): 77.

Don Federico Henriquez y Carvajal, hermano de Martí en la defensa de la justicia y la libertad

Roig de Leuchsenring, Emilio, Don Federico Henriquez y Carvajal, hermano de Martí en la defensa de la justicia y la libertad, La Habana: Editorial La Verdad, 1952.

Emilio Roig de Leuchsenring:
En 1952, organiza, a nombre del Municipio de La Habana, y con la cooperación de la Sociedad Cubana de Estudios Históricos e Internacionales, homenaje de admiración y reconocimiento a Don Federico Henríquez y Carvajal, recientemente fallecido. Este homenaje se llevó a cabo en la Fragua Martiana. En esta ocasión dicta conferencia sobre: “Don Federico Henríquez y Carvajal, hermano de Martí, en la defensa de la justicia y la libertad” (agosto 5) (obra publicada este mismo año por la Sociedad Cubana de Estudios Históricos e Internacionales).


Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación, Año LXX, Vol. XXXIII, Núm. 122:
La historia dominicana recoge de la larga y ejemplar existencia de don Federico Henríquez y Carvajal sus grandes aportes como abogado, periodista, orador, poeta, publicista y en especial como pedagogo, pues desde muy joven se dedicó a la enseñaza. Junto a Eugenio María de Hostos ayudó a impulsar la Escuela Normal de
la cual fue director. Su labor como educador fue brillante, sirviendo tanto a la educación media como a la superior por lo que se mereció el sobrenombre de «El Maestro».

El Antimperialismo de Don Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal

Roig de Leuchsenring, Emilio, El antimperialismo de Don Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal, La Habana: Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad de la Habana, 1959.

Emilio Roig de Leuchsenring (La Habana, 1889-1964), incansable historiador y promotor cultural, fue nombrado el primero de julio de 1935 Historiador de la Ciudad de La Habana y la Oficina se organizó tres ańos después. Fue autor de libros y folletos, además de editor de diversos volúmenes, entre ellos de la primera edición cubana de "La Edad de Oro" (1932), precedida de su estudio "Martí y los niños". A partir de 1935 comienza a publicar "obras claras, sencillas y de distribución gratuita sobre temas históricos diversos": los "Cuadernos de Historia Habanera", que aparecen ininterrumpidamente hasta 1962. En 1959 publica "El antimperialismo de Don Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal"; "Los Estados Unidos contra Cuba Libre"; "Males y vicios de Cuba republicana, sus causas y su remedio", y "Máximo Gómez, el libertador de Cuba y el primer ciudadano de la República". En 1960 ven la luz: "Hostilidad permanente de los Estados Unidos contra la independencia de Cuba"; "El presidente McKinley y el gobernador Wood, máximos enemigos de Cuba Libre" y "Los Estados Unidos contra Cuba republicana".


Don Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal, nació en la ciudad de Santo Domingo el 14 de enero de 1859, cuando la primera República Dominicana se defendía inútilmente de la amenaza haitiana y continuas intervenciones de potencias extranjeras. (...) Dentro de las más destacadas misiones políticas, económicas y científicas desempeñadas en la vida del doctor se destacan:

- Fundó en 1880 junto a José Pantaleón Castillo la Escuela Preparatoria, ajustada a los modernos métodos pedagógicos dentro del plan general de la organización de la enseñanza, desarrollada por el sabio maestro Enrique María de Hostos, de quien fue un gran amigo.

- Secretario de la Presidencia de su País entre 1880 – 1882.

- Miembro de la Delegación Dominicana a la Exposición Universal de París en 1889.

- Delegado al Congreso de Americanistas en París en 1890.

- Ingresó como Catedrático de Medicina en el Instituto Profesional de Santo Domingo en 1895.

- Ocupó cargos de Ministros de Estado de relaciones Exteriores y de Estado de Correos de la República Dominicana entre 1899 – 1902.

- Nombrado Jefe de la Delegación Dominicana a la II Conferencia de la Paz, en La Haya, en 1907.

- Agente Fiscal del Gobierno Dominicano para el arreglo de la deuda y Juez de la Corte Permanente de La Haya en 1907.

- Enviado extraordinario y Ministro Plenipotenciario en Haití 1911 – 1913.

- Jefe de la Misión Especial enviada por el Gobierno Dominicano a Estados Unidos para zanjar dificultades con un funcionario norteamericano encargado del control financiero de la Hacienda Dominicana, con su gestión se logró suspender el control financiero.

- Delegado Dominicano a la Asamblea de Legislación Uniforme efectuada en Buenos Aires, Argentina en 1916.

- Nombrado por los factores políticos de su país como Presidente de la República Dominicana.

- De 1931 a 1932 fue nuevamente enviado como embajador extraordinario y plenipotenciario de su país a Haití y luego a Francia y Bélgica entre 1932 y 1933.

De West-Indische Compagnie

Menkman, W. R., De West-Indische Compagnie, Amsterdam: P.N. Van Kampen & Zoon N.V., 1947. From the Foreword:
Onze twee groote, in de zeventiende eeuw tot stand gekomen organisaties voor het verkeer met vreemde werelddeelen hebben nog bij haar leven haar biografen gehad. Beeindigde echter Mr Pieter van Dam zijn beschrijving van de constitutie, de regeering en den handel der oost Indische Compagnie in 1701, bijna honderd jaar na haar stichting, Joannes de Laet gaf zijn Iaerlyck Verhael van de verrichtingen der Geoctroyeerde West Indische Compagnie in 1644 uit en behandelde in dedertien boeken zijner Historie de wederwaardigheden der in 1621 opgerichte maatschappij, waarvan de auteur zelf een der eerst bewindhebbers geweest was, slechts tot her jaar 1637.
Dutch West India Company (Dutch: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie or GWIC; English: Chartered West India Company) was a chartered company (known as the "GWC") of Dutch merchants. Among its founding fathers was Willem Usselincx (1567-1647?). On June 2, 1621, it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies (meaning the Caribbean) by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and given jurisdiction over the African slave trade, Brazil, the Caribbean, and North America.
Cited in Caribbean Studies © 1972. Cited in Caribbean Quarterly © 1959. Cited in The Journal of Economic History. Cited in Journal of African History, XIII, 2 (I972), pp. 237-248.

México y Sus Revoluciones

Luis Mora, José María, México y sus revoluciones, [Tomos I, II & III] México: Editorial Porrua, 1950.

José María Luis Mora Lamadrid (Chamacuero, Guanajuato, 12 de octubre de 1794 - París, Francia, 14 de julio de 1850), fue un sacerdote, político, ideólogo e historiador mexicano del siglo XIX. Considerado como uno de los primeros exponentes del liberalismo en México, pugnó por la separación Iglesia-Estado.


José María Luis Mora publicó Méjico y sus revoluciones en París, en 1836. La obra está compuesta por 3 volúmenes, con los siguientes temas: “Estado actual de México”, “Conquista y conspiraciones en la colonia tendientes a la emancipación” y “Guerra de Independencia hasta 1812”. Mora participó de la preocupación de los constructores del Estado mexicano por difundir una buena imagen del país, despojada de falsedades y exageraciones que limitaban la inserción en el contexto internacional. Para ello explica que el objetivo de su obra es: “…contribuir a fijar el juicio de los pueblos civilizados sobre esta parte interesante de nuestro continente, desengañándolos de los multiplicados errores en que los han imbuido las relaciones poco exactas de los viajeros, los resentimientos de algunos, y el entusiasmo exagerado de no pocos”. Al igual que todos los autores de obras históricas, nuestro autor, busca dar una visión objetiva, aunque reconoce que “pretender o exigir imparcialidad de un escritor contemporáneo es la mayor extravagancia…la historia contemporánea no es ni puede ser otra cosa que la relación de las impresiones que sobre el escritor, han hecho las cosas y las personas…”