José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (Capacho Viejo, Táchira, 11 de octubre de 1858 - Santurce, Puerto Rico, 4 de diciembre de 1924) fue un militar y político venezolano que se convirtió en jefe de estado entre 1899 y 1908, primer presidente de facto tras el triunfo de una guerra civil y desde 1901 como presidente constitucional de Venezuela.
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La Revolución Libertadora (1901-1903) fue una guerra civil, en la que una coalición de caudillos encabezados por el banquero Manuel Antonio Matos del Monte, aliados con empresas trasnacionales (New York & Bermúdez Company y la Orinoco Steamship Company, entre otras),3 intentaron derrocar al gobierno de Cipriano Castro.
En inglés:
José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (12 October 1858 – 4 December 1924) was a high-ranking member of the Venezuelan military, politician and the President of Venezuela from 1899 to 1908. He was the first man from the Andes to rule the country, and was the first of five military strongmen from the Andean state of Táchira to rule the country over the next 46 years.
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The Venezuela Crisis of 1902–1903 saw a naval blockade of several months imposed against Venezuela by Britain, Germany and Italy[2] over Castro's refusal to pay foreign debts and damages suffered by European citizens in a recent Venezuelan civil war. Castro assumed that the United States' Monroe Doctrine would see the United States prevent European military intervention, but at the time the government of president Theodore Roosevelt saw the Doctrine as concerning European seizure of territory, rather than intervention per se. With prior promises that no such seizure would occur, the US allowed the action to go ahead without objection. The blockade saw Venezuela's small navy quickly disabled, but Castro refused to give in, and instead agreed in principle to submit some of the claims to international arbitration, which he had previously rejected. Germany initially objected to this, particularly as it felt some claims should be accepted by Venezuela without arbitration.
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