La guerra del fin del mundo (1981) es una novela del escritor peruano y Premio Nobel de literatura 2010 Mario Vargas Llosa, reconocida como una de sus grandes creaciones. En ella, recrea literariamente la Guerra de Canudos, acontecimiento histórico ocurrido en 1896 en el que se movilizaron más de 10.000 soldados de 17 estados brasileños.
The aims of the author of this volume have been, first, to show how the viceroy, the all-important representative of the Spanish kings in the New World, actually carried out the colonial government; and second, to describe the work of the one viceroy who, perhaps more than any other, laid the legal foundations for the Spanish colonial policy. In order to do this, the author has not only consulted most of the secondary materials available both in English and Spanish, but has had recourse to the unpublished documents in the National Library of Santiago de Chile, the National Library of Lima, Peru; the Library of Congress at Washington D.C.; the National Library at Madrid, Spain; and most important of all, the Archive of the Indies in Seville, Spain.
No other geographer of this century has been as interested in anthropology or has said so much of interest to anthropologists as has Carl Ortwin Sauer. Appropriately, ten out of the 19 writings selected for this volume are of direct interest to anthropologists. Anthropologists will find the remainder good reading. Sauer is an omnivorous reader and he writes with charm. He deals conscientiously with facts. But he also likes to discover far-reaching and unsuspected relationships, he likes to be provocative, and he does not hesitate to speculate. Many will find Sauer most satisfactory in the four papers on Human Uses of the Organic World. These are human ecology at its best, masterful correlations of complex data ranging from climates and soils, through plant genetics, to man’s place in changing the landscape.
The book is divided into three sections: Section One includes the histories of four republics: Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico. The editor chose these countries because, in his opinion, Latin America embraces at least five peculiar historical currents. At one extreme lies what he would call the "European" republics where Europeans and their descendants account for nearly all of the population and where the culture and ideas of Europe predominate... A second category consists of the "mestizo" republics, where the Spanish conqueror superimposed his way of life upon large indigenous populations which, through the mestizo offspring of Spaniard and Indian, survived to modify not only the Spanish "race" but local culture and civilization as well. (...) Spaniard and Negro joined together to produce yet another historical current, particularly in the Caribbean and the Spanish Main. (...) Brazil, the sole Portuguese colony in the Americas, represents a fourth category. (...) Haiti with its French and Negro heritage, forms a fifth category. (...)
In Section Two, the editor has attempted to fill in some of the gaps left by selection of only four countries. It contains topics of particular importance to the histories of Chile, Peru, Bolivia, and Venezuela which, at the same time, represent cross currents of Latin American growth. (...)
Section Three includes topical issues that cut across national boundaries and carry implications for each republic in the hemisphere...
Ramón Eduardo Ruiz, 88, a renowned historian of Mexico and Latin America whose books included in-depth studies of the Mexican and Cuban revolutions, died July 6 at his home in Rancho Santa Fe, Calif. He had cancer and suffered complications from a recent fall. Dr. Ruiz joined the history department at the University of California at San Diego in 1970 and chaired the department in the early '70s. He wrote 15 books, including "Triumphs and Tragedy: A History of the Mexican People," "Cuba: The Making of a Revolution," "The Great Rebellion: Mexico, 1905-1924" and "On the Rim of Mexico: Encounters of the Rich and Poor."
Demographic historians of Latin America focus much of their research effort on the protostatistical era--the century of conquest and colonialization, the era of the Bourbons, and even the nineteenth century. Few population historians of Latin America devote attention to the first decades of the twentieth century, much less the recent past, say from 1960. The Bible for our field, Nicolas Sanchez Albornoz's The Population of Latin America (University of California Press, 1974; revised Spanish edition, 1994), offers not only a comprehensive overview of the region's demographic past but also looks into Latin America's future. Much of Sanchez Albornoz's interpretation on the course of population change in the twentieth century is based on the research of demographers, not historians.
Obituary of Dr. Charles Edward Chapman, 17 November, 1941, at Berkeley, California. Dr. Chapman took part in the establishment of THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW.
