Hanke, Lewis, History of Latin American Civilization: Sources and Interpretations. Vol. I: The Colonial Experience, Second Edition, United States: Little, Brown & Co., 1973.
Reviewed in Academy of American Franciscan History 1968.
The contents of this volume and of its companion to follow, on the period of 1810 to the present, have been drawn from the rich store of material that has appeared in widely scattered publications. The selections from the original sources illustrate the freshness and unique character of such documents. The later writers approach their subjects from varied points of view. Many are historians, but the insights and interpretations of anthropologists, geographers, librarians and men of letters are also represented so that this collection brings together the work of many minds and disciplines.
Table of Contents:
Section I The Transit of Civilization.
A. General
1. A Major Challenge, by Charles Julian Bishko
B. The Spanish Background
2. The Middle Ages in the Conquest of America, by Luis Weckmann
3. America as Fantasy, by Lewis Hanke
4. The Transfer of Plants and Animals, by James A. Robertson
5. The Libraries of Colonial Spanish America, by Lawrence S. Thompson
C. The Portuguese Background
6. The Mobility, Miscibility, and Adaptability of the Portuguese, by Gilberto Freyre
7. The Portuguese Culture in Brazil, by Emilio Willems
D. The New World's Influence on the Old
8. Why Prices Rose in Europe, by John Lynch
Section II Was Inca Rule Tyrannical?
A. Favorable Assessments of the Sixteenth Century
1. How the Incas Achieved So Much, by Pedro de Cienza de Leon
2. The Corruption of an Ideal Indian Society by the Spaniards, by Mancio Sierra de Leguizamo
3. Land Division, Tribute, and Treatment of Vassals, by Garcilaso de la Vega
B. The Spanish Justification for Conquest
4. Viceroy Toledo's Attack on Inca Rule, by Lewis Hanke
5. The Tyranny of Inca Rule, by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
C. Modern Interpretations
6. The Inca Empire was Socialistic, by Louis Baudin
7. Despotism or Socialism?, by Alfred Metraux
Section III Relations Between Indians and Spaniards
A. The First Cry for Justice in America
1. The Sermons of Friar Antonio de Montesinos, 1511
B. Just War Against the Indians
2. The Requirement, 1512
3. The Doctrine of Just War, by Silvio Zavala
C. Fundamental Ordinances
4. The Laws of Burgos, 1512
5. The New Laws, 1542
6. Royal Ordinances on “Pacification”, 1573
D. The Encomienda
7. Title of the Encomienda Given to Julio Gutierrez Altamirano in Chile, 1566
8. The Audiencia of New Galicia and the Indians, by J.H. Parry
E. Interpretations
9. A Seventeenth Century Defense of Spain’s Indian Policies, by Juan de Solorzano y Pereyra
10. The Theory and Practice of Racial Segregation in Colonial Spanish America, by Magnus Morner
11. Spanish Exploitation of Indians in Central Mexico, by Charles Gibson
12. The Dawn of Conscience in America, by Lewis Hanke
Section IV Population Statistics and Social History
A. Estimates of Indian Population in 1492
1. The Early Spanish Accounts Were Inflated, by Bailey W. Diffe
2. Sixteenth Century Statements on the Population of Central Mexico Are Substantiated by Modern Calculations, by Woodrow Borah & S.F. Cook
B. Early Spanish Emigration
3. Regional Origins of the Earliest Colonists, by Peter Boyd-Bowman
C. The Colonial Population
4. New Spain’s Century of Depression, by Woodrow Borah
5. The Geographical Distribution of the Negro, by Wilbur Zelinsky
6. The Population of Brazil, by Dauril Alden
Section V Vieira and the Crises of Seventeenth Century Brazil
1. A Great Luso-Brazilian Figure, by C.R. Boxer
2. The Indian Policy of Portugal in America, by Mathias C. Kiemen
3. Sermon Condemning Indian Slavery, 1653, by Antonio Vieira
4. Report on the Conversion of the Nheengaibas, Letter to Alfonso VI, November 28, 1659, by Antonio Vieira
Section VI Urban Life
A. Patterns of Settlement
1. Spanish Royal Ordinances for the Laying Out of New Towns, 1573
2. Colonial Towns of Spanish and Portuguese America, by Robert C. Smith
B. The Texture of Urban Life: Spanish America
3. An Academic Dialogue in Sixteenth Century Mexico City, by Francisco Cervantes de Salazar
4. Burial of an Archbishop Viceroy in Mexico City, 1612, by Hubert Howe Bancroft
5. Riots in Seventeenth Century Mexico City, by Chester Lyle Guthrie
6. The Imperial City of Potosi, Boom Town Supreme, by Lewis Hanke
7. St. Augustine, Outpost of Empire, by John T. TePaske
C. The Texture of Urban Life: Brazil
8. The Cities of Colonial Brazil, by Jose Arthur Rios
9. The Bay of All Saints, by C.R. Boxer
Section VII The Inquisition
A. The Inquisitors and the Indians
1. Jurisdictional Confusion, by Richard E. Greenleaf
2. Fray Diego de Landa and the Problem of Idolatry in Yucatan, by France V. Scholes & Ralph L. Roys
B. An Englishman and the Inquisition
3. Robert Tomson in Mexico, 1555
C. Brazil
4. The Holy Office Visits Brazil, 1591 – 1595, by Arnold Wiznitzer
D. The Inquisition in Seventeenth Century Peru
5. The Portuguese Judaizers in Peru, by Henry Charles Lea
E. The Inquisition in Eighteenth Century Mexico
6. The Mexican Inquisition and the Enlightenment, by Richard E. Greenleaf
Section VIII Science and Medicine
A. Scientific Investigation of the New World in the Sixteenth Century
1. Francisco Hernandez in New Spain, by German Somolinos D’Ardois
2. The Scientific Ideas of Jose de Acosta, by Theodore Hornberger
B. A Seventeenth Century Scholar
3. A Great Savant of Colonial Peru: Don Pedro de Peralta, by Irving A. Leonard
C. Brazil
4. An Overview of Science in Colonial Brazil, by Fernando de Azevedo
D. Late Colonial Developments
5. Flowers for the King, by Arthur Robert Steele
6. Balmis and the Introduction of Vaccination to Spanish America, by Sherburne F. Cook
Section IX Climax and Crisis in the Eighteenth Century
A. New Spain
1. The Reorganization of the Army, by Lyle N. McAlister
2. Problems and Progress in New Spain, by Alexander von Humboldt
B. Peru
3. The Great Revolt of Tupac Amaru, by George Kubler
4. The Failure at the Huancavelica Mercury Mine, by Arthur P. Whitaker
C. A Modern Interpretation
5. The Fall of the Spanish American Empire, by R.A. Humphreys
Section X Historians and Historical Controversies
A. Ideas and Methods
1. How the History of Brazil Should be Written, by Karl F.P. von Martius
2. The Historical Methods of William H. Prescott
3. The Historical Methods of Hubert Howe Bancroft
B. Sources
4. The Other Treasure from the Indies, by Lewis Hanke
C. Interpretations
5. William Robertson and His History of America, by R.A. Humphreys
6. Francisco Encina Interprets Colonial Chile, by Charles C. Griffin
D. Controversy
7. Chickens in America Befiore Columbus?, by Carl O. Sauer
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